The results confirm pollen grains of this family exhibit considerable variation in their morphological characteristics as size, aperture type and pattern of. Sep 10, 2009 to better understand relationships within the asteroideae, the pollen morphology and exine structure of 10 genera and 15 species of gnaphaliinae were investigated using light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. The plants are characterized by their composite flower heads and oneseeded achene fruits. The pollen morphology of 30 species belonging to 24 genera representing 6 tribes of asteraceae have been investigated with the aid of the light microscope. Devore4 1section of integrative biology and plant resources center, university of texas at austin, austin, texas 78712 2department of botany and microbiology, university. A total of 135 grains of pollen belonging to 21 families were extracted from c. Karakteristik morfologi lebah universitas hasanuddin. Asexual reproduction is a widespread phenomenon in the asteraceae, with a wide range of mechanisms. New insights on bidens herzogii coreopsideae, asteraceae, an endemic species from the cerrado biogeographic province in bolivia the chaco and the chiquitania are two different biogeographic provinces and bidens herzogii has been collected in both of them. The mi from aster squamatus accession 1 presented the last value, 65%, among all the accession. Pollen morphology of senecio bergii asteraceae, with special. Important plants including ambrosia ragweed in north america, parthenium feverfew in south america and india, artemisia mugwort in spain, and chrysanthemum and sunflower in some people who are exposed to heavy concentrations of pollen, such as flower growers.
The most important allergens in the compositae family are sesquiterpene lactones, which are present in the oleoresin fraction of leaf, stem, flower and possibly in the pollen. Pollen, taxonomy, harmomegathy, lactuca, prenanthes, cicerbita, mycelis. They rank among the top five families of flowering plants in terms of the number of species, but they are clearly the most abundant and. Edeoga and ikem 2002 also showed that boerhavia coccinea is characterized by tricolpate pollen grains while b. Palynology of species in the astereae and heliantheae tribes. Although, erdtman 1969 reported that in genus artemisia and a few other anemophilous genera of the asteraceae, the pollen grains are without obvious spines. Since pollen assemblages represent the admixture of a number of plant communities in accordance with their distribution, type of pollen dispersal, biological habit, and proximity to the depositional area, their representativeness will vary greatly in any given space. Pollen morphology of praxelis asteraceae, eupatorieae.
The daisy or sunflower family, as compositae or asteraceae are known, is one of the largest plant families. Asteraceae, eupatorieae in relation to pollination and the role of floral visitors have been observed in two argentine localities. Floral visitors of three asteraceae species in a xeric. Pdf pollen morphology of brazilian species of verbesina l. This agrees with morphological description of species of asteraceae treated by sowunmi 1973. An oligocene 34 23 mya pollen is known for asteraceae and goodeniaceae, and seeds from oligocene and miocene 23 5. Asteraceae, heliantheae were examined by scanning electron and light microscopy. The poaceae family was the most abundant one for c. Studies on the pollen morphology of 11 species of praxelis cass. The tectal complex consists of three main layers that differ in morphology and. This type of pollen have common morphology on echinate ornament, while the aperture generally has a shape tricolporate expect on the type tridax procumbens l. Nomen familiae stellarem florum specierum formam significat.
Flower visitors were accorded a code based on ollerton and liede, 1997 depending upon the quality of the data on their effectiveness as pollinators, as follows. The oldest asteraceae fossil records tubulifloridites spp. Pollen grains belonging to the family asteraceae are unique in being characteristically echinate. Pdf pantoporate pollen in the asteraceae vernonieae. Pdf pollen grain morphology of some selected species of. Temporal origins and diversification of artemisia and allies anthemideae, asteraceae. Examination of the pollen form obtained 15 kind of pollen forms that come from 15 plant species which are mostly from asteraceae type 1 and arenga pinnata merr, classis monocotyledonae there are arenga pinnata merr, dillenia serrata thunb and poaceae type, however 12 plant species from classis dicotyledoneae. Sphericity and smaller pollensize are better represented. Asteraceaederived pollens are an important cause of hay fever and asthma. The new taxon is distinguished from vernonia cronquistii, which is also distributed in this region, by fewer florets per head, linearlanceolate leaves, and different leaf trichomes. Unfortunately, the author did not offer a digital mask.
Pdf pollen morphology of species of the family asteraceae. Asteraceae and relationships within asterales 159 pattern is also found in calyceraceae gustafsson 1995. Fossil evidence of the asterales is rare and belongs to rather recent epochs, so the precise estimation of the orders age is quite difficult. Les asteracees asteraceae, tamien llamaes compuestes compositae giseke, nom. Pollen grains from herbarium specimens of 22 taxa of the genus scalesia arn. Asterales is part of the core asterid clade organisms with a single common ancestor in the euasterid ii group of the angiosperm phylogeny group iii apg iii botanical classification system. Like other members of the asteraceae family, they have very small flowers collected together into a composite flower head. Once the pollen has been removed, the styles spread apart, thus allowing the stigmas to accept pollen from another flower. All taxa have a gnaphalioid pattern of exine with an evidently rough foot layer. Androeciumstamens 3, one or two functional though originally six others reduced to staminodes, gynandrous, pollen forming pollinia. Pollen deposition in coastal dunes, south buenos aires. Pollen grains in this family are characteristically echinate in ornamentation. Meiotic analysis of the germoplasm of three medicinal.
Gynoecium nearly always of a solitary carpel rarely 2 or more distinct carpels. Fossil pollen records have been used recently to shed light on the time of origin of asteraceae. In addition to the rare adventitious embryony, there are common types of autonomous apomixis, agamospermy apospory, diplospory associated with various forms of. Polen al microscopio microscopic pollen spring hay fever season. The inflorescences of the three asteraceae species were visited by 96 insect species. As the style elongates within the tube of anthers, it pushes. The asteraceae family of plants is a widely distributed medicinal plant throughout the world and has been used since ancient time. Secunda familia sub magnoliidis magnitudine est, post orchidaceas, quibus sunt 25 000 specierum.
The previous studies reported that pollen and seed micromorphologies are efficient in the systematics of the asteraceae family moore et al. Pdf mutisieae asteraceae pollen ultrastructure atlas. Sphericity and smaller pollensize are better represented in introduced rather than native plant species. Each of the hermaphrodite disc florets passes through several welldefinable stages of develop. Bagalamukhi stotram pdf until now, a comprehensive study of warionia to have a complete context for discussing its taxonomic position is lacking. Reproductive biology, seed germination publications scientifiques. New insights on bidens herzogii coreopsideae, asteraceae. Asteraceae is the second biggest family of the angiosperms the equivalent 25,000 species distributed around the world. Pollen wall ontogeny of felicia muricata asteraceae. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Palynological studies on five species of asteraceae. Kc, and according to the agricultural uses of their surrounding areas as secondary veg.
The tribe heliantheae is the most familiar tribe of the sunflower family asteraceae. The name is derived from the genus helianthus, which is greek for sun flower. After the opening of the inflorescence, the female ray florets develop quickly and reach their final size and shape within a few hours. Phylogenetic,lmplications of pollen morphology and. Pollen morphology of species of the family asteraceae. Compositae is an alternative name for the official term, asteraceae. The asteraceae family in each species pollen was removed from at least three the. Wagenitz 1955 divided the genus centaurea into eight subgenera, on the basis of exine structure and sculpturing. The fruit of the asteraceae is a oneseeded achene, i. A pollen analogue for the dune vegetation is suggested. Temporal origins and diversification of artemisia and.
In a study of pollen morphology of the family asteraceae in rio grande do sul, cancelli et al. Flowers are dichogamous protandrous with secondary pollen presentation brushing type. The pollen traps were placed within different vegetation types in an active dune area adjacent to the beach. Pollen morphology and diversity of twelve species of the asteraceae were collected from different locations within ileife, south western nigeria and acetolysed. Pdf on jan 1, 2006, robert k jansen and others published mutisieae asteraceae pollen ultrastructure atlas find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. What is compositae allergy compositae allergy refers to contact allergic reactions caused by a group of plants commonly known as compositae. Community of floral visitors of three asteraceae species. Request pdf pollen grains of asteraceae and analogous echinate. Families apiaceae, asteraceae, cunoniaceae, ericaceae, fabaceae, and gentianaceae article pdf available in caldasia 332. They can be differentiated from similar pollen in other families by the relatively small size of both the pollen and the spines and the irregular arrangement of the spines. Dandelion simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
The poaceae are the worlds single most important source of food. Many taraxacum species produce seeds asexually by apomixis, where the seeds are produced without pollination. Light microscopic photographs of the asteraceae pollen grains 198. The heliantheae is the third largest tribe in the sunflower family, with some 190 genera and nearly 2500 recognized species. Fruit an achene, often with a persistent pappus of hairs, bristles or scales. In most other asteraceae, a more reduced pattern with fi ve ovary wall bundles two entering the style, in addition to one bundle entering the ovule, is found. They calibrated the clock with poaceae grass family, oleaceae olive family, and cornus fossils dogwood family. Mbagwu, et al, palynological studies on five species of asteraceae the number and position of furrows, pollen wall morphology, symmetry and shapes and sizes of pollen grains. Within the pollen types, pollen characters are significantly sufficient for characterization of the species. A total of 46 pollen grains belonging to ten families were extracted from h. Amaranthaceae pollen microscopic photography, micro. Pollen morphology and its taxonomic value in brachylaena asteraceae in southern africa. Nees asteraceae was investigated by electron microscopy after addition of the lypophilic dye malachite green to the primary fixative.
Pollen morphology has been proved to be useful in the systematics of the asteraceae family, as well as that of some of its genera and species moore et al. Palynology of species in the astereae and heliantheae. Pollen morphological studies on selected taxa of asteraceae. Pollen has been monitored monthly with two tauber traps over 4 years. Asteraceae pollen dated to the eocene has also been found in egypt kedves, 1971, china song et al. The tree was calibrated at the stem node of the kaschgaria. Dated and properly identified, pollen deposits can be used to place a minimum. Asteraceae or compositae commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, is a very large and widespread family of flowering plants angiospermae the family includes over 32,000 currently accepted species, in over 1,900 genera in subfamilies.
Devore4 1section of integrative biology and plant resources center, university of texas at austin, austin, texas 78712 2department of botany and microbiology, university of oklahoma, norman. Pantoporate pollen, which occurs sporadically in the monocots and dicots, has now been found in asteraceae in two apparently related genera of the tribe vernonieae, polydora fenzl and oocephala h. All grains are tectate and the most common sculpture type was echinate. Pollen grains of asteraceae and analogous echinate grains rcpol. Department of plant sciences, potchefstroom university. Flower morphology and pollination in mikania asteraceae. For example, you can find chenopods searching on cheno no quotes as latin name. Brazil, compositae, heliantheae, morphology, pollen, verbesina. The lowest pollen similarity between groups of samples was 35%, observed between the sample from the municipality of catu and the sample al2 from alagoinhas figure 4, clade a, which had in common the pollen types asteraceae i, banisteriopsis,chamaecrista, eucalyptus, mikania, mimosa pudica and myrcia i. A light, scanning electron, and transmission electron. With more than 1,620 genera and 23,600 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees distributed throughout the world, asteraceae is one of the largest plant families.
Pollen morphology is an important source of information to increase systematic resolution in asteraceae, especially in vernonieae. Asteraceae or compositae commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, is a very large and widespread family of flowering plants angiospermae. Ii figure 1c, as well as cells with 3 poles table 1, and one cell with 5 figure 1d. Asteraceae, the aster, daisy, or composite family of the floweringplant order asterales. Mutisieae asteraceae pollen ultrastructure atlas zaiming zhao1, john j. Identification of plant families associated with the. Aiming to investigate if palynological traits give support to caatinganthus, strophopappus and xiphochaeta as separate genera from stilpnopappus, we used cluster analysis followed by a test of group sharpness further, ordination analysis was applied to. Members of this family have been used traditionally as. Heliantheae academic dictionaries and encyclopedias. Pdf pollen morphology of the galapagos endemic genus. Asteraceae sive compositae sunt familia plantarum florentium ordinis asteralium, cui sunt circa 000 specierum in 1500 genera digestae. In this system the flowers are such that the stamens form a tube around the immature style, with their pollen surfaces facing inward. Pollen types and levels of total phenolic compounds in.
Pollen grains were characterized as the form, size, type of opening, the polarity and the formation of exine. Asterales, daisy order of flowering plants, containing 11 families and some 26,870 species. This feature favours crosspollination over autogamy, but both reproductive systems coexist and they complement each other. Ipomoea aquatica belonging to the family convolvulaceae has spines like found in asteraceae but can be distinguished in that those of convolvulaceae. The members of asteraceae, together with the other families in the order asterales, employ a system of pollination known as plunger, or secondary, pollination. In this study, the morphology of pollen grains of 15 species of asteraceae collected in the cerros of the campanha of rio grande do sul are presented. Contributions to the pollen morphology of the family. Dandelion pollen can often make people have allergies. New combinations and a lectotypification in brazilian vernonieae asteraceae. Pollen morphology of brazilian species of verbesina l. In terms of numbers of species, the asteraceae are rivaled only by the orchidaceae. The aster family asteraceae is one of the largest angiosperm families, with more than 1,620 genera and 23,600 species of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and trees distributed throughout the world. Serratula, centaurium, scabiosa, crupina, jacea, dealbata.
Poaceae, grass family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, a division of the order poales. To assess temporal origins and diversification of lineages within subtribe artemisiinae and artemisia group a penalized likelihood analysis was applied on nrdna its and ets of 63 representatives. Studi palinologi famili asteraceae di kebun raya universitas. Members include lettuce, endive, chicory and artichoke, the marigolds, daisies, sunflowers and chrysanthenums as well as weeds such as ragweed and mugwort. A new species, vernonia occulta asteraceae, vernonieae, from the state of oaxaca, mexico is described. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Microregions were classified as semiwarm semiarid, semiarid, or humid subtropical koppen climate clasification. Poaceae, asteraceae, discaria americana, chenopodiaceae and hyalis argentea were the main taxa recorded. Palynology of species in the astereae and heliantheae tribes occurring in the region of campos gerais, parana state, brazil 205 the acetolysed pollen grains prepared for light microscopy were digitally photographed with the photomicroscope leica dm 2500 coupled to a video camera and a computer using the las ez 1. They can be differentiated from similar echinate pollen in other families by the relatively small size of both the pollen and the spines, as well as the irregular.